Effect of whitening toothpaste on surface roughness and microhardness of human teeth: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Whitening toothpastes exert a whitening effect on teeth through higher surface cleaning effectiveness resulting from the abrasive properties of paste or specific chemical components. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conceptualized to examine relationship between roughness as well microhardness human clarify evidence base available around this by conducting studies in topic area, looking at in vitro randomized control trials. Methods: Criteria for including were done based population, intervention, comparison, outcomes study identified electronic databases. Covidence® used data screening extraction. The CONSORT tool checking relevant content methodology each papers reviewed. Systematic followed meta-analysis, using Review Manager. Results: A total 125 articles obtained key word search. After duplicate removal title screening, 17 eligible full text review. Finally, 7 included conducted 4 studies. forest plot showed that meta-analytic statistically significant with value being intervention group. lesser group. Conclusions: Although typically can lighten tooth color about one two shades, there is some show these also affect mineral increasing reducing microhardness. More further research are needed identify type agent which will whiten effectively while maintaining integrity structure.